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Footwear and training surfaces

These notes combine advice from 139 reviewed passages across 86 workouts.

A different surface material or location can make a familiar movement feel unfamiliar even when the load is the same, and surface conditions can affect an acrobat’s height and performance. Floor-based versions of movements are the hardest, including the handstand, so it is worth getting used to practicing on the floor even though it is harder. For some athletes, doing a movement on the floor can produce better form than on an elevated support. Parquet is a good surface for pulling movements, though some floors burn the palm and shed small pieces that distract. [70] [89] [111] [112] [120] [121]

Use a firm, non-slip hardwood or parquet floor for handstand practice. On grass, use boards for handstand-style movements so the hands do not sink, and you can place two small pieces of wood on grass and practice on them. Use moderate loading for hand-balancing work and practice on a ground surface rather than grass. For a true ninety-degree position, use a wall rather than a low bed, because the low setup forces the body to bend. [1] [56] [65] [91] [93] [94] [103]

Handstands on a hard floor are the most difficult type of handstand practice, and wooden surfaces are the best practice surface. Handstands are easier to hold on the floor, while planches are easier on parallel bars because the bars give a pulling grip and more control. The L-sit is harder on the floor. [33] [34] [40] [69] [74]

Practice inverted positions and handstand work without shoes, because shoes make foot gripping difficult. Socks or indoor shoes are better. Remove shoes for pull-ups so they do not add extra weight. For lifting, wear flat-soled shoes rather than running shoes. For rope work, choose snug shoes that wrap the foot, because bulky shoes can cause catching. Shoes add weight during handstand practice, and practicing with socks is acceptable and works better once you are used to it. [7] [22] [23] [80] [83]

Shoes add weight during training. Widespread shoe use has shifted walking toward heel-dominant stepping compared with barefoot movement, and the resulting step pattern is not a suitable one. Training barefoot on varied surfaces such as asphalt and grass conditions the soles of the feet. Barefoot training is acceptable in this context, and Brazilians practice capoeira barefoot. Sock choice is an important equipment consideration for the movement called ‘reverse break’, and it can be done with or without socks. [14] [57] [72] [111] [113]

When slipping is expected at the start of an exercise, wearing a sock is an option. During bridge work, remove socks if sliding occurs, because grip matters and sliding makes the bridge difficult. If a sock slips during a movement, consider removing it. When a movement involves lifting rather than friction, do not wear socks. On a slippery floor, take off socks when you need more grip. [8] [9] [76] [77] [92]

Wearing socks can make some movements more comfortable. For movements that involve repeated rubbing, wear socks rather than going barefoot. For the backward-and-forward movement with the neck held, wearing socks makes it more comfortable. Do a seated side stretch with socks. In split and leg-opening work, socks allow sliding and make stopping harder, which strengthens, so open gradually, about one millimeter every five seconds. For a stretch that involves sliding, use a surface that allows it, and hold the position while it stretches. Socks can be used for some movements, but they may slip easily, and knee-length socks are worth trying. [12] [13] [71] [84] [86] [106] [107] [125]

Wear socks during wall-based training to reduce marks and dirt on the wall, because bare feet dirty the wall. For handstand practice, work without socks, or remove the sock from the foot that goes up last while leaving the other sock on. [11] [55]

Barefoot running is recommended. [46]

For kneeling work, use the mat when it is suitably soft, otherwise put a towel or a shoe under the supporting knee, place the other foot forward, and hold that knee with the same-side hand as you come forward. If a towel slides under the hand, keep the hand on the floor instead for comfort. Tatami is suitable for practicing forearm stands, and landings are more comfortable on the ground. For an elbows-on-the-floor, fists-joined setup, use a towel or tatami surface. If a mat makes too much noise, use the parquet floor or move the mat much farther forward, and either setup works. Keep the hands supported on the mat while allowing forward reach beyond it, because a taller athlete may need more distance to preserve body form. Make sure the floor is clean before lying down. Covering the wall with foam is an option for reducing noise. For supported exercises, use a comfortable soft surface that does not let you sink too far. [10] [19] [20] [63] [79] [82] [100] [114] [133]

A training mat can also be used for rolling exercises. A carpet can be a better surface than an overly soft support. A very soft support can stop the back from descending properly in some exercises. Overreliance on a yielding surface can make hard surfaces feel unfamiliar and reduce transfer. Some floor-based gymnastics practice may need a special mat. [27] [88] [97] [98] [115]

Practicing a skill on soft grass makes landings more comfortable. Grass can make jump-rope work difficult because the rope catches frequently, and jump-rope practice can be harder on grass than on asphalt. Sand provides more comfortable landings when practicing skills such as cartwheels and handstands. Beach sand has both softer and harder sections, which makes training there comfortable. Beach running has benefits, and extensive barefoot training is associated with greater upward jumping power. [36] [50] [51] [52] [53] [123]

When jumping rope on grass, add the elbow handstand, because its landing is comfortable. [42]

A firm support surface such as a hard floor or a chair gives the foot a fixed point, while on carpet the foot drifts while control is still developing. Some forward hip sliding during a sit-up can be normal when it results from floor friction. Difficulty with the jump-rope Cross may be caused by the floor or the rope. [30] [32] [132]

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126. 2026-06-16, 2651.7-2660.6s

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Passage: passage:2026-06-16-onur-orhan-explosion-tldv-6a3119af4dea8900137026eb:001015-001017

127. 2026-06-21, 420.4-427.7s

Workout: workout:2026-06-21

Passage: passage:2026-06-21:000131-000134

128. 2026-06-30, 4372.9-4385.1s

Workout: workout:2026-06-30

Passage: passage:2026-06-30:001257-001261

129. 2026-07-06, 1920.7-1930.8s

Workout: workout:2026-07-06

Passage: passage:2026-07-06:000666-000672

130. 2026-07-12, 2245.7-2262.6s

Workout: workout:2026-07-12

Passage: passage:2026-07-12:000630-000633

131. 2026-07-17, 3212.7-3220.7s

Workout: workout:2026-07-17

Passage: passage:2026-07-17:000813-000819

132. 2026-07-17, 4383.1-4407.3s

Workout: workout:2026-07-17

Passage: passage:2026-07-17:001256-001266

133. 2026-07-24, 877.8-901.2s

Workout: workout:2026-07-24

Passage: passage:2026-07-24:000194-000201

134. 2026-07-24, 1671.0-1704.4s

Workout: workout:2026-07-24

Passage: passage:2026-07-24:000413-000425

135. 2026-07-30, 589.3-600.0s

Workout: workout:2026-07-30

Passage: passage:2026-07-30:000129-000133

136. 2026-08-02, 4552.9-4567.7s

Workout: workout:2026-08-02

Passage: passage:2026-08-02:001392-001394

137. 2026-08-09, 2733.7-2742.7s

Workout: workout:2026-08-09

Passage: passage:2026-08-09:000943-000947

138. 2026-08-09, 3874.5-3894.8s

Workout: workout:2026-08-09

Passage: passage:2026-08-09:001463-001470